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周澤强 IFOAM 부회장 인터뷰
흙살림
조회수 961회
14-06-02 10:55
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周澤强(주택강, Zhou Zejiang) 중국 대표에게
Dear Zhou Zejiang
안녕하세요? IFOAM 회원인 한국의 ‘흙살림’입니다. 흙살림은 23년 전부터 ‘유기농업의 과학화’를 내세우며 한국의 유기농업 발전을 위해 애써 온 민간단체입니다. 또한 유기농업에 관한 정보를 전달하기 위해 매달 신문을 발행하고 있습니다. 올해엔 세계 유기농업 현황을 알아보기 위해 ‘세계 유기농업 리더들에게 듣는다’라는 기획 기사를 싣고 있습니다. 이런 취지에서 주 회장님으로부터 중국 유기농에 대한 이야기를 듣고 싶습니다. 바쁘신 와중에 소중한 시간을 내 주셔서 답변해 주신다면 소중한 자료로 쓰도록 하겠습니다.
Hello? We are 'HEUKSALIM' that is member of IFOAM. HEUKSALIM is a private organization and has started the company with the microbiological study 23 years ago. Since then we have tried to spread organic farming to the farmers. This year our campaign slogan is "make 100% organic Korea". We are planning to start a movement to spread organic farming more widely. For this movement, we want to collect data of current status of organic agriculture in each country and learn their traditions and skills by interviewing world's organic agriculture leaders. so we wish to heard about organic agriculture of CHINA from you. IF you take the time to interview for us, we will use your interview datas for korean organic farmer. Thank you.
1. 현재 중국의 유기농업 현황에 대해 알려주십시오.
1-1. 한국의 친환경 농가는 10% 안팎, 유기농은 2% 내외입니다. 중국은 유기농 면적만 한국의 농토와 맞먹는다고 들었습니다. 친환경 인증을 시작한 시점에서부터 올해까지 어떻게 변화해왔는지 알려주세요.
1.What is the current status and future outlook of organic agriculture in the CHINA?
1-1.Environmentally - friendly farmers of korea is 10% of whole farmers and Organic farmers of korea is 2% of whole farmers. I heard that areas of chinese organic farm is similar with whole areas of korea. could you tell me how chinese organic agriculture is changed from beginning to now?
5 million ha for certified organic land
less than 2 million for cropping and animal husbandry
more than 2 million for wild collection
0.4% for aquaculture
so the total land for crop is a little higher than 1 million ha
only 1% of the total Chinese farmland is organic certified
The organic movement started in 1989 with OFDC (Organic Food Development and Certification of China under the Ministry of Environment) joining IFOAM.
- OFDC was the first organic certification body set up in China in 1994.
- first organic inspection and certification was undertaken in 1990 on two and processors by a foreign certification body (QAI).
- in 1995 two Chinese certification inspectors (Zhou Zejiang (주택강) & Xiao Xingji) trained and approved by the US certification body OCI
- currently there are 23 local certification bodies and 4 foreign certification bodies (Ecocert, BCS, CERES, JONA) in China
- government regulations were announced by the Ministry of Environment in 2002 but these were regulations on the ministerial level and not the central level
- in 2003, all organic inspection, certification and accreditation came under CNCA, China National Certification and Accreditation Administration
- 2005, national organic standards implemented (주택강 was the chief drafter of the regulations)
→ these national standards consists of ①regulations ② management rules for organic certification and ③rules for implementation (시행령)
2012: 현재 존재하는 regulation 발표됨
위의 ①②③은 지속
but 추가된 것은 : positive list of products (from raw to local processed products) to be certified
주 생각은 이 list는 너무 제한이 많다 →positive list 보다 negative list 만들어 야 함
예: positive list를 이용시 담배/꿀과 꿀 관련 모든 제품/gochi berry/wolfberry 는 인증 불가
인증 현황에 관하여:
주 생각: 200,000 농가 이상이 유기농업에 종사 but 중국 정부 통계는 6,000 농가 로 한다
why? ICS group 인증 집계가 불가
2. 중국은 친환경 농업에 대한 인증을 어떻게 실시하고 있나요?
2-1. 한국은 저농약, 무농약, 유기농 3단계에서 최근 저농약을 인정하지 않고 있습니다. 중국의 유기농업 인증 단계는 어떻게 되어 있나요.
2. please tell me about Environmentally-friendly agricultural product certification.
2-1. there are three certifications(Low-pesticide, Non-pesticide, organic). but Low-pesticide certification will be abolished after next year.
What kind of certifications is used in china?
- pollution free agricultural products
- green food
- organic food (2013년 통계 :10.000개의 “effective(valid)" 인증서 발급 - 60%가 유기 농가
- China GAP
- Gree market
- Feed certification (허용 물질 검사)
2-2. 한국은 정부 기관 및 민간 단체로 인증 기관이 꾸려져 있습니다. 중국은 인증을 어떤 단체에서 하고 있나요?
2-2. Organic certification is performed by government agency and private organizations. who perform the organic certification in china?
certification bodies 는 Ministry of Environment/ Agriculture / Quality Control의 통제를 받는다..
8개는 state -owned, 4개 state -owned 는 privatized (OFDC, COFCC, CQC, OTRDC (Organic Training Research Development Center)
나마지 13개는 개인 소유 - accredited by CNAS(China National Accreditation Service)
2-3. Zhou 회장은 중국의 유기 인증기관인 OFDC의 대표라고 들었습니다. OFDC에 대해 알려주세요.
I heard you are a represntative of OFDC. Please tell me about OFDC.
OFDC is the first and oldest cb in China.
Thus is the only chinese cb accredited outside China by NOP, Canadian organic regulations, IFOAM and has EU equivalency (EU 동등성).
see more on the websitr
3. 최근 한국에선 인증 기관 등이 포함된 비리가 드러나면서 친환경 인증에 대한 신뢰가 흔들리고 있습니다. 중국은 인증 기관을 어떻게 관리하고 있나요? 중국 소비자들은 인증된 제품에 대하여 100% 신뢰하고 있습니까.
there are corrupts of organic certification in korea these days. so many people don't trust in organic products. is there similar case in China? Do you trust organic products?
주택강 - i trust most of the organic products in China .
but in 2005 to 2010, there were many corruption in certification in China. this was the expansion period of organic production in China and many 인증 단체 wanted to show " achievements" - 치적쌓기
그래서 CNCA 가 추가 규제 controlling measures 발표
- regulations
- rules
- 17 number bar code verification system of each organic product: 17자리 숫자: 유기농 인증을 확인 할 수 있는 번호 시스템 (모든 인증 받은 품목에 부여 - 개별 번호 부여 즉 모든 인증 받은 제품은 random하게 선정된 개별 번호 있음)
→ 첫 번재 3개의 숫자; 인증단체 고유 번호
→ 4번째와 5번째: 연/월
→ 12번째~17번째: random 하게 선정된 번호
이 17 bar code national database네서 이력 추적 가능함 - 1차 농산물과 가공 모두 포함)
OFDC는 추가로 스마트폰 사용자를 위한 QR code 추가 함.
이 bar code 시행 후 소비자 신뢰도 많이 상승
최근 트랜드 CSA 급속하게 확장 - 현제 500이상 활동 중
4. ‘유기농은 비싸다’라는게 한국 소비자들의 생각입니다. 중국의 유기농 가격 정책은 어떻게 이루어지고 있습니까.
many korean consumers think that organic products are expensive. how china put a price on the organic products.
price fluctuates ; organic milk 15% higher
organic rice: 2~3배 더 비싸
vegetables: 4~5배 더 비싸
mostly sold to highend premium market customers
5. 한국에선 중국 농산물에 대한 이미지가 썩 좋지 않습니다. 값싼 농산물만을 수입하기 위해서 벌어진 일이기도 합니다. 하지만 중국의 유기 농산물에 대해서도 그다지 신뢰를 보이진 않습니다. 이에 대해 어떻게 생각하시나요, 혹시 한국 소비자들의 이미지 개선을 위한 방책을 갖고 있으신지요?
so many korean consumers think farm products of china is not good. because we import cheap products a lot. So korean consumers don't trust in organic products of china. what do you think about it? Do you have solution to improve chinese public image?
먼저 이 문제는 누가 한국으로 중국산 농산물을 수입하는가 하는 방식으로 접근해야 한다. 즉 importer와 인증단체가 책임이 있다는 말이다.
organic 제품은 반드시 인증을 받아야 하는데, 문제가 있었으면 이것은 인증기관에서 철처히 검사를 하지 않았기 때문이라고 생각한다.
IIMPORTER가 reasonable price를 지불하지 않았기 때문에 fake organic을 받는 것이다.
gold을 줘야 gold을 받는데
gold plated bronze늘 주면 bronze를 받는다.
그리고 마지막 final product만 보지 말고 과정을 보고 또는 언떤 인증기관이 인증을 했나도 중요하다.
importer는 생산지 추적을 반드시 해야 한다.
6. 동아시아의 전통 농업은 유기농업의 원형이라 여겨집니다. 중국의 전통농업 또한 마찬가지 일 것이라 생각합니다. 그런데 중국에선 언제부터 전통농업이 사라지고 농약과 화학비료를 사용하는 농업이 시작되었는지 궁금합니다. 반면 혹시 중국에서도 전통 농업을 살리기 위한 어떤 활동들이 펼쳐지고 있는지도 알려주세요.
The agriculture of East-Asia is the root of organic. someday, traditional agriculture disappeared and chinese started to use chemicals. when and why was happened like this. Are there activities to revive traditional agriculture in China?
1950 - chemical farming started with federation with the Soviets - population exploded - need for more food
: use of pesticides - 20 times more for cotton / chemical fertilizers widely used in veggie production
: the govt make many efforts to teach young agronomists on how to increase food production
- govt made a national survey on the quality of the soil to decide how much chemicals to put in the soil to control soil quality to create more food
- only less than 1% was organic / traditional
7. 개인적인 질문을 하나 드리겠습니다. Zhou 회장님께서는 어떻게 해서 유기농에 관심을 갖게 되셨나요?
7. this is a private question, what made you start organic agriculture?
I am not trained as an agronomist but studies physical geography and this was related to the basic science such as soil science, meteorology, cultural development
After graduation from the university, I was sent for "re-education" to the rural areas to be "re-educated" by farmers and workers .this was the time of the Cultural revolution and I was sent to the countryside as a driller and I sent 12 years in the countryside. I had a n opportunity to work with farmers and I got interested in organic farming.
After 12 years, I was moved to the Environmental Science Institute under the ministry of Environment to work on eco-systems, protection of soil erosion especially rural environmental preservation.
In 1980s, the chinese govt got interested in ecological farming from the aspect of environmental protection,
My interest in ecosystems led me to working in organic farming from 1989.
I am the first trained organic inspector in China. I was also the chief drafter of the Chinese national organic regulations.
I also worked as the China Representative to IFOAM until 2012. Currently I am the Honorary Ambassador to IFOAM and Vice-President of IFOAM Asia.
I am also running as a candidate for the IFOAM World Board (세계이사회) and hope to be elected in October at the 18th IFOAM Organci World Congress in Istanbul.
8. Zhou 회장님이 생각하는 유기농이란 무엇입니까. 그리고 유기농이 나아가야 할 길은 무엇이라 생각하십니까.
Lastly, what is the real organic farming for you? Please explain why it is necessary for us today. and what should we do for organic agriculture?
The IFOAM 4 Principles of Organic Farming is the basis of organic farming and these guidelines are not just for the production of safe food but provides for the devlopement of society. The Principles emphasizes environmental protection, care, fairness and health to consumers and farmers. Please remember that when we think of health we only think of the health of the consumers but it is the health of farmers that is most important The farmers are most effected by the hazards of chemical farming. Consumers eat only the residues but farmers have the first contact with the harmful chemicals and are usually suffer from skin diseases and respiratory (호흡기 질환) diseases through inhalation. Many farmers also suffer from cancer which come from drinking shallow ground water or well water contaminated by chemicals.
긴 질문에 답변해 주셔서 감사합니다. 중국 유기농 현황에 대한 주 회장님의 답변이 한국 농민들에게 큰 도움이 될 것이라 생각합니다. 앞으로도 중국은 물론 아시아와 전 세계 유기농업 농민들을 위해, 그리고 유기농 확장을 위해 힘써 주시기 바랍니다. 그런 건강 조심하시고, 하는 일마다 행운이 가득하기를 바랍니다.
thank you very much for taking the time to interview.